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Friday, January 29, 2010

Piping Engineer - power point backround

all of you can use this picture to be your power point backround, but save the picture first to your folder.
1. open power point application
2. choose file new (ctrl + N)
3. pick format; backround;file effect;picture; select picture; select folder which you save the file.
4. OK, apply to all.
Note :
pixels dimension : image size 1024 x 768 pixels
document size : (361.24 x 270.93 mm)
resolution 72 pixels/inch

Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

Monday, January 4, 2010

International System (SI) Units Definition


Physical Quantity
Name of Unit
Unit Symbol
Definition



Length
meter
m
Distance traveled by light in vacuo during 1 ⁄299, 792, 458 of a second.
Mass
kilogram
kg
Mass of the international prototype which is in the custody of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) at Sèvres, near Paris.
Time
second
s
The duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom.
Electric Current
ampere
A
The constant current which, if maintained in two parallel rectilinear conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross section, and placed at a distance of one meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 N/m length
Thermodynamic Temperature
degree Kelvin
K
The fraction 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
Amount of Substance
mole
mol
The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12.
Luminous Intensity
candela
cd
Luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1⁄600,000 square meter of a black body at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure of 101,325 newtons per square meter.
Force
newton
N =
Kg.m/s2
That force which, when applied to a body having a mass of one kilogram, gives it an acceleration of one meter per second squared.
Work, Energy,
Quantity of Heat
joule
J = N.m
The work done when the point of application of a force of one newton is displaced through a distance of one meter in the direction of the force.
Electric Charge
coloumb
C = A.s
The quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere.
Electric Potential
volt
V = W/A
The difference of potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of one ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to one watt.
Electric Capacitance
farad
F = C/V
The capacitance of a capacitor between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of one volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to one coulomb.
Electric Resistance
ohm
Ω = V/A
The resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of one volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of one ampere, this conductor not being the source of any electromotive force.
Magnetic Flux
webber
Wb = V.s
The flux which, linking a circuit of one turn produces in it an electromotive force of one volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second.
Inductance
henry
H = V.s/A
The inductance of a closed circuit in which an electromotive force of one volt is produced when the electric current in the circuit varies uniformly at the rate of one ampere per second.
Luminous Flux
lumen
lm = cd.sr
The flux emitted within a unit solid angle of one steradian by a point source having a uniform intensity of one candela.
Illumination
lux
lx = lm/m2
An illumination of one lumen per square meter.
Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures: Their SI Equivalences and Origins

Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch


Fraction
(Inch)
Decimal
Fraction
(Inch)
Decimal
Fraction
(Inch)
Decimal
1/64
0.015625
11⁄32
0.34375
43⁄64
0.671875
1/32
0.03125
23⁄64
0.359375
11⁄16
0.6875
3/64
0.046875
3⁄8
0.375
45⁄64
0.703125
1/16
0.0625
25⁄64
0.390625
23⁄32
0.71875
5/64
0.078125
13⁄32
0.40625
47⁄64
0.734375
3/32
0.09375
27⁄64
0.421875
3⁄4
0.750
7/64
0.109375
7⁄16
0.4375
49⁄64
0.765625
1/8
0.125
29⁄64
0.453125
25⁄32
0.78125
9/64
0.140625
15⁄32
0.46875
51⁄64
0.796875
5/32
0.15625
31⁄64
0.484375
13⁄16
0.8125
11/64
0.171875
1⁄2
0.500
53⁄64
0.828125
3/16
0.1875
33⁄64
0.515625
27⁄32
0.84375
13/64
0.203125
17⁄32
0.53125
55⁄64
0.859375
7/32
0.21875
35⁄64
0.546875
7⁄8
0.875
15/64
0.234375
9⁄16
0.5625
57⁄64
0.890625
1/4
0.250
37⁄64
0.578125
29⁄32
0.90625
17/64
0.265625
19⁄32
0.59375
59⁄64
0.921 875
9/32
0.28125
39⁄64
0.609375
15⁄16
0.9375
19/64
0.296875
5⁄8
0.625
61⁄64
0.953125
5/16
0.3125
41⁄64
0.640625
31⁄32
0.96875
21/64
0.328125
21⁄32
0.65625
63⁄64
0.984375

Weight and Measures

Measures of Length
1 mile = 1760 yards = 5280 feet
1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches 1 foot = 12 inches
1 mil=0.001 inch
1 fathom = 2 yards = 6 feet 1 rod = 5.5 yards = 16.5 feet.
1 hand = 4 inches 1 span = 9 inches
1 micro-inch = one millionth inch or 0.000001 inch (1 micrometer or micron one millionth meter = 0.00003937 inch.)
Surveyor's Measure
1 mile = 8 furlongs = 80 chains
1 furlong = 10 chains = 220 yards
1 chain=4 rods = 22 yards = 66 feet = 100 links
1 link = 7.92 inches
Nautical Measure
1 league = 3 nautical miles
1 nautical mile = 6076.11549 feet = 1.1508 statute miles
1 knot = nautical unit of speed = 1 nautical mile per hour
One degree at the equator = 60 nautical miles = 69.047 statute miles 360 degrees = 21,600 nautical miles = 24,856.8 statute miles = circumference at equator
Square Measure
1 square mile = 640 acres = 6400 square chains
1 acre = 10 square chains = 4840 square yards = 43,560 square feet. An acre is equal to a square, the side of which is 208.7 feet.
1 square chain = 16 square rods = 484 square yards = 4356 square feet.
1 square rod = 30.25 square yards = 272.25 square feet = 625 square links
1 square yard = 9 square feet
1 square foot = 144 square inches
Measure used for Diameters and Areas of Electric Wires
1 circular inch = area of circle 1 inch in diameter = 0.7854 square inch
1 circular inch = 1,000,000 circular mils
1 square inch = 1.2732 circular inch = 1,273,239 circular mils
1 circular mil = the area of a circle 0.001 inch in diameter
Cubic Measure
1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet
1 cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches
The following measures are also used for wood and masonry:
1 cord of wood = 4 × 4 × 8 feet = 128 cubic feet
1 perch of masonry = 16-1⁄2 × 1-1⁄2 × 1 foot = 24-3⁄4 cubic feet
Shipping Measure
For measuring entire internal capacity of a vessel:
1 register ton = 100 cubic feet
For measurement of cargo:
Approximately 40 cubic feet of merchandise is considered a shipping ton, unless that bulk would weigh more than 2000 pounds, in which case the freight charge may be based upon weight
40 cubic feet = 32.143 U.S. bushels = 31.16 Imperial bushels
Dry Measure
1 bushel = 1.2445 cubic feet = 2150.42 cubic inches
(U.S. or Winchester struck bushel)
1 bushel = 4 pecks = 32 quarts = 64 pints
1 peck = 8 quarts = 16 pints
1 quart=2 pints
1 heaped bushel = 11⁄4 struck bushel
1 cubic foot = 0.8036 struck bushel
1 British Imperial bushel = 8 Imperial gallons = 1.2837 cubic feet = 2218.19 cubic inches
Liquid Measure
1 U.S. gallon = 0.1337 cubic foot = 231 cubic inches = 4 quarts = 8 pints
1 quart=2 pints = 8 gills 1 pint=4 gills
1 British Imperial gallon = 1.2009
1 U.S. gallon = 277.42 cubic inches 1 cubic foot =7.48 U.S. gallons
Old Liquid Measure
1 barrel = 311⁄2 gallons 1 hogshead = 2 barrels = 63 gallons
1 pipe or butt = 2 hogsheads = 4 barrels = 126 gallons
1 tierce = 42 gallons 1 puncheon = 2 tierces = 84 gallons
1 tun=2 pipes = 3 puncheons
Apothecaries' Fluid Measure
1 U.S. fluid ounce = 8 drachms = 1.805 cubic inch = 1⁄128 U.S. gallon
1 fluid drachm = 60 minims
1 British fluid ounce = 1.732 cubic inch
Avoirdupois or Commercial Weight
1 gross or long ton = 2240 pounds 1 net or short ton = 2000 pounds
1 pound = 16 ounces = 7000 grains
1 ounce = 16 drachms = 437.5 grains
The following measures for weight are now seldom used in the United States:1 hundredweight = 4 quarters = 112 pounds (1 gross or long ton = 20 hundred-weights); 1 quarter = 28 pounds; 1 stone = 14 pounds; 1 quintal = 100 pounds
Troy Weight, used for Weighing Gold and Silver
1 pound = 12 ounces = 5760 grains
1 ounce = 20 pennyweights = 480 grains
1 pennyweight = 24 grains
1 carat =3.086 grains (used in weighing diamonds)
1 grain Troy = 1 grain avoirdupois = 1 grain apothecaries' weight
Apothecaries' Weight
1 pound = 12 ounces = 5760 grains
1 ounce = 8 drachms = 480 grains
1 drachm = 3 scruples = 60 grains
1 scruple =20 grains
Measures of Pressure
1 pound per square inch = 144 pounds per square foot = 0.068 atmosphere = 2.042 inches of mercury at 62° F. = 27.7 inches of water at 62°F = 2.31 feet of water at 62° F
1 atmosphere = 30 inches of mercury at 62° F. = 14.7 pounds per square inch = 2116.3 pounds per square foot = 33.95 feet of water at 62° F
1 foot of water at 62° F =62.355 pounds per square foot = 0.433 pound per square inch
1 inch of mercury at 62° F =1.132 foot of water = 13.58 inches of water = 0.491 pound per square inch
Miscellaneous
1 great gross = 12 gross = 144 dozen
1 quire=24 sheets
1 gross=12 dozen = 144 units
1 ream = 20 quires = 480 sheets
1 dozen=12 units
1 ream printing paper = 500 sheets
1 score=20 units